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Updated: Aug 10, 2026
Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
Studies of HIV-associated immune responses in lymphoid compartments
Susanna Grundström1, Jan Andersson
1Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract:
Acute HIV-1 infection results in profound depletion of CD4+ memory T cells in lymphoid tissue (LT) and subsequent persistent replication in activated CD4+ T cells despite induction of an HIV-specific cell-mediated immune response. Interferon-alpha, proinflammatory cytokines, and beta-chemokine production is present in LT. However, impaired expression of co-stimulatory molecules including CD80, CD86, and CD40L may contribute to low polyfunctional CD4+ T cell as well CD8+ T-cell activity. Accumulation of regulatory CD4+ T cells in LT may add to the lack of HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferation and dysfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response in LT.
