Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
Published on: May 26, 2022
Hypertension in renal parenchymal disease: why is it so resistant to treatment?
V M Campese1, N Mitra, D Sandee
1Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. campese@usc.edu
Abstract:
The association between hypertension and chronic renal disease is well known. The pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complex and multifactorial, which may explain why it is resistant to treatment. The traditional paradigm is that hypertension in CKD is due either to an excess of intravascular volume (volume dependent) or to excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system in relation to the state of sodium/volume balance (renin-dependent hypertension). This review focuses on the importance of less established mechanisms, such as increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, increased endothelin production, decreased availability of endothelium-derived vasodilators and structural changes of the arteries, renal ischemia, and sleep apnea.
Related Concept Videos
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
