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Related Concept Videos

What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
Microbes and Climate Change01:27

Microbes and Climate Change

Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Analysis of the Ambient Particulate Matter-induced Chromosomal Aberrations Using an In Vitro System
08:48

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Published on: December 21, 2016

Climate change and human health: present and future risks.

Anthony J McMichael1, Rosalie E Woodruff, Simon Hales

  • 1National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia. tony.mcmichael@anu.edu.au

Lancet (London, England)
|March 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are changing Earth's climate, leading to adverse health effects. This review summarizes evidence on climate change impacts on health and future risks, informing policy and adaptation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Scientific consensus confirms human activities, primarily greenhouse gas emissions, are altering global climate.
  • Recent global warming of 0.5°C is partly attributed to anthropogenic emissions.
  • Climate change poses significant, predominantly adverse, risks to human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize epidemiological evidence on climate variations and trends affecting health outcomes.
  • To assess existing evidence of recent global warming's impact on health.
  • To review projected future health effects of climate change.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological evidence linking climate variations to health outcomes.
  • Assessment of studies on recent global warming's health impacts.
  • Compilation of published estimates for future health effects of climate change.

Main Results:

  • Climate variations and trends demonstrably affect various health outcomes.
  • Limited evidence suggests recent global warming has already impacted some health outcomes.
  • Future projections indicate a wide spectrum of health risks, including thermal stress, infectious diseases, and disruptions from social and economic changes.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse health effects from climate change are supported by epidemiological evidence and future projections.
  • Anticipating these health risks strengthens the rationale for proactive climate policies.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for prioritizing adaptive health strategies.