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Respiratory control at exercise onset: an integrated systems perspective.

Harold J Bell1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building, Room 202, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, Alta., Canada, T2N 4N1. harold.bell@ucalgary.ca

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|March 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The rapid increase in breathing during exercise (exercise hyperpnoea) is still debated. This review explores new evidence for vascular distension, vestibular feedback, and behavioral state in mediating this fast neural drive to breathe.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The immediate increase in breathing during dynamic exercise (exercise hyperpnoea) has been studied for decades.
  • The exact mechanisms mediating the 'phase I response' or fast neural drive to breathe remain controversial.
  • Traditional theories focus on central motor command and afferent feedback, primarily from animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent and controversial mechanisms contributing to the initial phase of exercise hyperpnoea.
  • To examine the evidence supporting the vascular distension, vestibular feedback, and behavioral state hypotheses.
  • To identify outstanding questions and future research directions in exercise hyperpnoea.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on exercise hyperpnoea.

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  • Analysis of evidence for novel hypotheses (vascular distension, vestibular feedback, behavioral state).
  • Discussion of mechanistic efficacy within the integrated physiological system.

    • Main Results:

    • Growing evidence supports the involvement of vascular distension in the early phase of exercise hyperpnoea.
    • The vestibular feedback hypothesis presents a plausible, yet debated, mechanism for modulating breathing.
    • The behavioral state hypothesis offers a new perspective on the neural control of breathing during exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise mediators of the phase I exercise hyperpnoea response require further investigation.
    • Vascular distension, vestibular feedback, and behavioral state represent important emerging concepts.
    • Future research should focus on the integrated system response and mechanistic efficacy of these proposed pathways.