Anesthetic management of the child with an upper respiratory tract infection
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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

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Published on: January 17, 2011
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. atait@umich.edu
Insights
Anesthesia for children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) poses risks, but understanding risk factors helps optimize perioperative management and limit complications during elective surgery.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Anesthesiology
- Respiratory Medicine
- Perioperative Care
Background:
- Administering anesthesia to children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) presents a common clinical dilemma.
- While risks are acknowledged, perioperative adverse events in this population are often manageable.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current literature on outcomes for children undergoing elective surgery with URTIs.
- To suggest strategies for optimizing perioperative management in these pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on pediatric perioperative outcomes.
- Analysis of recent large-scale studies identifying risk factors for adverse events in children with URTIs.
Main Results:
- Recent research highlights specific factors increasing perioperative risks for children with URTIs.
- The significance of these identified risk factors is discussed in the context of clinical practice.
Conclusions:
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for preoperative assessment and anesthetic planning in children with URTIs.
- Optimizing anesthetic plans can effectively limit perioperative complications.
Purpose Of Review:
The decision to proceed with anesthesia for the child with an upper respiratory tract infection is often difficult. Whereas most studies suggest that children who present for elective procedures with an upper respiratory tract infection are at increased risk of perioperative adverse events, these events are typically easy to recognize and treat. This review will discuss the current literature regarding outcome in children who present for elective surgery with an upper respiratory tract infection and suggests approaches to optimize their perioperative management.
Recent Findings:
Although the literature regarding this important topic has been slow to evolve, recent large-scale outcome studies have identified a number of factors that increase the risk of perioperative adverse events among children with upper respiratory tract infections. The significance of these findings will be discussed.
Summary:
An understanding of the risk factors associated with administering anesthesia to the child with an upper respiratory tract infection is important in identifying elements of the preoperative assessment that merit attention and in optimizing the anesthetic plan as a means to limit any perioperative complications.
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