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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision
Published on: April 29, 2014
"Precision" and "accuracy": two terms that are neither
David L Streiner1, Geoffrey R Norman
1Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Department of Psychiatry, Kunin-Lunenfeld Applied Research Unit, University of Toronto, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada. dstreiner@klaru-baycrest.on.ca
Objective:
In some publications, the terms "precision" and "accuracy" are used as if they were synonyms for "reliability" and "validity."
Methods And Results:
This article shows that these terms are neither precise nor accurate when used in this way. Scales can demonstrate high test-retest or interrater reliability (i.e., they are "precise") but still be unreliable in certain circumstances; and "imprecise" scales can still show good reliability. Further, "accuracy" as a synonym for validity reflects an outdated conceptualization of validity, which has been superseded by one that emphasizes that validity tells us what conclusions can be drawn about a person based on a test result.
Conclusion:
The article ends with a call for the use of the more traditional terms as better reflecting the process of scale development and the uses to which they are put.
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