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[TRIM5alpha].

Emi E Nakayama1, Tatsuo Shioda

  • 1Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Suita-shi, Osaka University, Japan.

Uirusu
|March 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is restricted by TRIM5 alpha, a protein found in Old World monkeys. This antiviral factor prevents HIV-1 replication by blocking reverse transcription, with species-specific differences determining resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) primarily infects humans and chimpanzees, with limited susceptibility in Old World monkeys.
  • Replication blockade in Old World monkey cells occurs post-entry, specifically inhibiting reverse transcription initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the antiviral activity of tripartite motif 5 (TRIM5) alpha.
  • To discuss TRIM5 alpha's role in restricting HIV-1 infection in non-human primates.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of a rhesus monkey cDNA library identified TRIM5 alpha as an HIV-1 restriction factor.
  • Comparative analysis of TRIM5 alpha sequences from humans and monkeys, focusing on the SPRY domain.

Main Results:

  • TRIM5 alpha from rhesus and African green monkeys confers resistance to HIV-1 infection.
  • Human TRIM5 alpha restricts N-tropic murine leukemia virus, highlighting species-specific functions.
  • Small amino acid variations in the SPRY domain of TRIM5 alpha dictate species-specific viral restriction.

Conclusions:

  • TRIM5 alpha is a key factor in the species-specific restriction of HIV-1.
  • Understanding TRIM5 alpha's mechanism offers insights into host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets.

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