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Micro-optically assisted high-index waveguide coupling.

Dirk Michaelis1, Christoph Wächter, Sven Burger

  • 1Fraunhofer Institut für Angewandte Optik und Feinmechanik, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 7, D-07745 Jena, Germany. dirk.michaelis@iof.fraunhofer.de

Applied Optics
|April 1, 2006
PubMed
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This study numerically investigates micro-optical coupling for silicon waveguides using solid immersion lenses. It achieves high coupling efficiency, even with fabrication constraints, for both conventional and photonic-crystal waveguides.

Area of Science:

  • Micro-optics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Waveguide coupling

Background:

  • Solid immersion lenses (SILs) offer enhanced optical resolution.
  • Efficient coupling between optical waveguides is crucial for integrated photonic circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate a micro-optical scheme for coupling high-index and photonic-crystal waveguides using SILs.
  • To evaluate coupling efficiency based on various optical criteria and fabrication constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations combining ray tracing, angular-spectrum propagation, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), and finite-element-method (FEM).
  • Analysis using impedance, group/energy velocity, spot-size, and phase-matching criteria.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Achieved coupling efficiency of -80% for monomode silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides with specific core and lens geometries.
  • Similar -80% coupling efficiency demonstrated for SOI photonic-crystal waveguides.
  • Analysis of tolerances related to misalignments and substrate thickness variations.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed SIL-based micro-optical scheme enables efficient coupling for SOI waveguides.
  • The numerical study provides insights into optimizing waveguide coupling considering fabrication realities.