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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Mammalian DNA methyltransferases.

Pawel Siedlecki1, Piotr Zielenkiewicz

  • 1Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.

Acta Biochimica Polonica
|April 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation, an epigenetic process, is crucial for gene regulation and implicated in tumorigenesis and developmental disorders. Advances in understanding its mechanisms have led to new diagnostic tools and promising epigenetic therapies targeting DNA methyltransferases.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Published on: September 7, 2017

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina
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Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

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Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
06:07

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors

Published on: August 5, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression and chromatin organization without altering nucleotide sequences.
  • Historically underestimated, DNA methylation is now recognized as critical, with aberrant patterns linked to nearly all stages of tumorigenesis.
  • Improper DNA methylation also contributes to major pathologies, including developmental disorders associated with chromosome instability and intellectual disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant role of DNA methylation in gene regulation and disease.
  • To underscore recent advancements in understanding the enzymatic machinery of DNA methylation.
  • To discuss the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies based on epigenetic modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on DNA methylation.
  • Analysis of the impact of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer and developmental disorders.
  • Evaluation of progress in understanding DNA methyltransferase enzymes.

Main Results:

  • Improper DNA methylation, particularly promoter hypermethylation, is a hallmark of tumorigenesis.
  • Aberrant methylation patterns are causative in various pathologies, including developmental disorders.
  • Significant progress has been made in elucidating the enzymatic machinery responsible for DNA methylation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA methylation has paved the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Epigenetic therapies, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, show considerable therapeutic potential.
  • Further research into DNA methylation mechanisms promises to yield more effective treatments for diseases.