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Temporal phenotypic heterogeneity as a substrate for selection.

H W Kerster1, D A Levin

  • 1DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, CHICAGO.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 1, 1970
PubMed
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Phenotypic variation in flower color influences plant reproductive success. Higher frequencies of pink flower morphs increase seed set for all plants, boosting population fitness over time.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Temporal phenotypic heterogeneity can impact population-level fitness.
  • Plant reproductive success is often linked to floral traits and pollinator interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the relationship between phenotypic variation (flower color morphs) and population fitness.
  • To investigate how pollinator exploitation influences seed set and morph frequency dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple model based on experimental data.
  • Assumed seed set depends on the frequency of pink flower morphs in populations with pink and white morphs.
  • Incorporated assumptions about equal seed set for both morphs and the role of perennial habit/long-lived seeds.

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Main Results:

  • Increased pink morph frequency correlates with enhanced seed set for both pink and white morphs.
  • Seasonal fluctuations in morph balance can cause reproductive pulses or drags.
  • Reproductive differentials from pollinator services drive an increase in pink morph frequency and overall fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal phenotypic heterogeneity can lead to fitness gains in plant populations.
  • Perennial life history and long-lived seeds confer a population memory, influencing evolutionary trajectories.
  • Fitness gains can be achieved without interplant or interpopulation selection pressures.