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Related Concept Videos

Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Crystal structure of hexagonal MnAl(4).

L Pauling1

  • 1Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine, 440 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94306.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new crystal structure for hexagonal manganese aluminum (MnAl(4)) was proposed. This structure, determined using electron microscopy, features complex atomic arrangements related to known cubic phases.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Manganese-aluminum (MnAl) alloys exhibit complex phase diagrams.
  • Understanding the crystal structure of MnAl(4) is crucial for alloy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a detailed crystal structure for the hexagonal form of MnAl(4).
  • To elucidate the atomic arrangement and coordination in this phase.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution electron microscopy was employed to obtain detailed structural information.
  • Comparative analysis with known crystal structures of related compounds was performed.

Main Results:

  • A novel structure for hexagonal MnAl(4) is proposed, characterized by specific lattice parameters (a(H) = 28.4 Å, c(H) = 12.43 Å).
  • The structure consists of seven 104-atom complexes, each composed of 20 Friauf polyhedra.
  • These complexes share atoms, indicating a complex, interconnected atomic network.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed hexagonal MnAl(4) structure provides a detailed atomic model for this phase.
  • The structure shows close relationships to cubic MnAl(4) and Mg(32)(Al,Zn)(49) structures.
  • This finding contributes to the understanding of complex intermetallic phases and their structural evolution.