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Viruses in human cancers.

H zur Hausen1

  • 1Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 22, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Viruses are a significant cause of human cancers, particularly cervical and liver cancers, acting as the second leading risk factor after tobacco. Viral infections can lead to tumor development through various mechanisms, including direct oncoprotein production or indirect immunosuppression.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Viruses are implicated in human tumor development through diverse mechanisms.
  • Mechanisms include indirect immunosuppression or direct oncogenic protein production.
  • Viral DNA integration can alter host cell protein expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of viral infections in human cancer development.
  • To identify key viruses associated with cancer incidence.
  • To understand the contribution of virus-linked cancers to global cancer burden.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and epidemiological data on virus-associated cancers.
  • Analysis of cancer incidence linked to specific human viruses.
  • Examination of viral mechanisms contributing to oncogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T cell leukemia-lymphoma virus are linked to approximately 15% of worldwide cancers.
  • Cervical cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma constitute about 80% of virus-linked cancers.
  • Viruses are identified as the second most significant risk factor for human cancer, following tobacco use.

Conclusions:

  • Viruses play a critical causative role in the development of specific human cancers.
  • Cervical and liver cancers are major contributors to the global burden of virus-associated malignancies.
  • Viruses represent a significant, second-tier risk factor for cancer development in humans.

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