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Fat embolism.

P Glover1, L I Worthley

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Critical Care and Resuscitation : Journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine
|April 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Fat embolism, often asymptomatic, arises from trauma or circulation issues. Management focuses on supportive care for respiratory failure, with preventative measures like fracture immobilization being key.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Management

Background:

  • Fat embolism occurs when fat enters the circulation due to trauma or atraumatic conditions.
  • While often asymptomatic, a small percentage develop fat embolism syndrome with respiratory, cerebral, and dermal symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of fat embolism.
  • To outline the management strategies for patients with clinical manifestations of fat embolism syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE.
  • Studies published between 1976 and 1998 on fat embolism and fat embolism syndrome were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Fat embolism syndrome is characterized by respiratory failure, petechiae, and cerebral disturbances, believed to result from free fatty acid toxicity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The syndrome is generally self-limiting, with treatment focused on respiratory support, similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome management.
  • Preventative measures include early fracture immobilization and reducing intramedullary pressure during hip arthroplasty.

    • Conclusions:

    • Fat embolism is common in various conditions but typically asymptomatic.
    • Preventative strategies are crucial, including prompt fracture immobilization and surgical pressure reduction.
    • Symptomatic treatment for respiratory failure is the mainstay of management; corticosteroids show no significant benefit.