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Nonequilibrium thermodynamics for open systems.

Hans Christian Ottinger1

  • 1Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, HCI H 543, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. hco@mat.ethz.ch

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|April 12, 2006
PubMed
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We extended the general equation for nonequilibrium reversible-irreversible coupling (GENERIC) framework to open systems. This thermodynamic framework clearly distinguishes bulk and boundary contributions for accurate modeling of system-environment interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nonequilibrium thermodynamics describes systems not in equilibrium.
  • The GENERIC framework traditionally applies to isolated systems.
  • Modeling open systems requires accounting for environmental interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the GENERIC framework to open systems.
  • To develop a method for describing energy and entropy exchange with the environment.
  • To maintain the predictive power of GENERIC for open systems.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing bulk and boundary contributions to Poisson and dissipative brackets.
  • Formulating bulk equations and environmental exchange/interaction terms.
  • Applying the extended GENERIC framework to hydrodynamics and kinetic theory.

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Main Results:

  • A generalized GENERIC framework for open systems is established.
  • The framework successfully separates bulk and boundary effects.
  • The method retains the full structure and predictive capability of GENERIC.

Conclusions:

  • The extended GENERIC framework provides a unified approach for open systems.
  • This method allows for direct formulation of bulk equations and environmental interactions.
  • The approach is applicable to various physical systems, including hydrodynamics and diffusion.