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Related Concept Videos

Setting Time of Cement01:12

Setting Time of Cement

The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...

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A Method for Studying the Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation
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A Method for Studying the Temperature Dependence of Dynamic Fracture and Fragmentation

Published on: June 28, 2015

Time- and space-resolved dynamic studies on ceramic and cementitious materials.

P Barnes1, S Colston, B Craster

  • 1Industrial Materials Group, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK. barnes@img.cryst.bbk.ac.uk

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation
|April 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights synchrotron energy-dispersive diffraction for studying functional materials. It covers time resolution, radiation use, complementary methods, data re-analysis, and spatially resolved diffraction for materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Functional ceramic and cementitious materials require in situ structural analysis.
  • Synchrotron-based energy-dispersive diffraction (SR-EDD) is a powerful technique for such studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review results and lessons from sustained in situ diffraction studies.
  • To discuss key aspects of applying SR-EDD to functional materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synchrotron-based energy-dispersive diffraction (SR-EDD) was the central technique.
  • In situ studies were conducted on various material systems.

Main Results:

  • Demands on time resolution were analyzed.
  • The utility of penetrating radiation for in situ analysis was discussed.
  • The necessity of complementary techniques was highlighted.
  • Data re-analysis strategies were considered.
  • Spatially resolved diffraction, akin to tomography, emerged as a new approach.

Conclusions:

  • SR-EDD provides valuable insights into the structure and performance of functional materials.
  • Future research should focus on optimizing time resolution, integrating complementary methods, and developing advanced techniques like diffraction tomography.