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Ghrelin tissue distribution: comparison between gene and protein expression.

S Ghelardoni1, V Carnicelli, S Frascarelli

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|April 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin gene and protein distribution varies across rat tissues. Fasting alters ghrelin protein levels in specific organs like the brain and stomach, but not gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Ghrelin, the natural ligand for the GH secretagogue (GHS) receptor, is known to be present in various tissues.
  • Previous studies have not systematically investigated the comprehensive tissue distribution of ghrelin.
  • Understanding ghrelin's distribution is crucial for elucidating its diverse physiological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically determine the tissue distribution of ghrelin gene and protein expression in rats.
  • To investigate the impact of fasting on ghrelin's tissue distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Ghrelin gene expression was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  • Ghrelin protein concentration was quantified using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

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  • Tissues were analyzed from both control rats and rats subjected to 48-hour fasting.

    • Main Results:

    • Ghrelin gene expression was detected in the stomach, small intestine, brain, cerebellum, pituitary, heart, pancreas, salivary gland, adrenal, ovary, and testis, with the highest expression in the stomach.
    • Ghrelin protein was found in the stomach, small intestine, brain, cerebellum, pituitary, lung, skeletal muscle, pancreas, salivary gland, adrenal, ovary, and testis, with the highest concentrations in the lung and brain.
    • Gene and protein expression showed dissociation, with ghrelin protein undetectable in the heart, liver, and kidney, despite detectable gene expression in some of these organs.
    • Fasting did not significantly alter ghrelin gene expression but led to significant redistribution of ghrelin protein, increasing levels in the brain, cerebellum, lung, and salivary gland, while decreasing levels in the stomach.

    Conclusions:

    • Ghrelin exhibits a distinct tissue distribution pattern for both gene and protein expression, with notable dissociation between the two.
    • Fasting significantly impacts ghrelin protein distribution, suggesting a regulatory mechanism independent of gene expression.
    • These findings provide a comprehensive map of ghrelin distribution and its dynamic changes under fasting conditions, offering insights into its physiological regulation.