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Related Experiment Videos

Expertise in ill-defined problem-solving domains as effective strategy use.

Christian D Schunn1, Mark U McGregor, Lelyn D Saner

  • 1Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3939 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. schunn@pitt.edu

Memory & Cognition
|April 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Expertise in complex leadership involves better strategy selection and execution, not just having more or different strategies. This study refines cognitive models of expertise in real-world scenarios.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Expertise Research
  • Military Leadership Studies

Background:

  • Expertise is understood through cognitive structures, including strategy use.
  • Lemaire and Siegler's (1995) four-layered model describes expertise based on strategy characteristics.
  • This model was initially based on simple, well-defined domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the applicability of the four-layered strategies account of expertise in a complex, ill-defined domain: platoon leadership.
  • To examine expertise differences in strategy existence, number of strategies, strategy base rates, strategy choice, and strategy execution.
  • To propose elaborations to the existing expertise model based on findings in a complex domain.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1A: Elicited free-text leadership responses from novices, intermediates, and experts to leadership scenarios.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 1B: Utilized expert ratings to assess the execution accuracy of leadership responses from Experiment 1A.

    • Main Results:

    • Expertise effects were found for strategy base rates and strategy choice.
    • No significant expertise differences were observed for strategy existence or the number of strategies used.
    • Experts demonstrated superior ability in executing the same strategies compared to novices and intermediates.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support and extend Lemaire and Siegler's (1995) four-layered strategies account of expertise.
    • Expertise in complex domains like platoon leadership is characterized by enhanced strategy selection and execution capabilities.
    • Proposed elaborations to the cognitive model of expertise are necessary to account for domain complexity.