Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
08:55
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
Published on: June 7, 2018
Test of internal-conversion theory with precise gamma- and X-ray spectroscopy
1Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3366, USA. hardy@comp.tamu.edu
Summary
Precise K-shell internal conversion coefficient (ICC) measurements refine calculation methods. Accounting for atomic vacancies is crucial for accurate ICC calculations, as shown by new 193Irm M4 transition data.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Physics
- Atomic Physics
Background:
- Internal conversion coefficients (ICCs) are essential for nuclear structure studies.
- Accurate ICC calculations are needed to interpret experimental data.
- Previous calculations did not fully account for atomic vacancy effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To refine experimental measurements of K-shell ICCs.
- To validate theoretical models for ICC calculations.
- To investigate the impact of atomic vacancies on ICC values.
Main Methods:
- Precise experimental measurements of ICCs.
- Theoretical calculations of ICCs using refined models.
- Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions.
Main Results:
- Experimental ICCs for the M4 transition of 193Irm were refined.
- A refined theoretical model, accounting for atomic vacancies, accurately reproduced the experimental data.
- This demonstrates the necessity of including atomic vacancy effects in ICC calculations.
Conclusions:
- Atomic vacancy effects are critical for accurate K-shell ICC calculations.
- The refined theoretical model provides a more reliable method for predicting ICCs.
- Further measurements are ongoing to confirm these findings across different transitions.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
01:21Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab
For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
01:22Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
01:16UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...
01:22Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...