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The tectorial membrane: anatomical, biomechanical, and histological analysis
R Shane Tubbs1, David R Kelly, E Rita Humphrey
1Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children's Hospital Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|April 18, 2006
Summary
The tectorial membrane, crucial for craniocervical stability, attaches superiorly and acts as a hammock, preventing odontoid process impingement. This study clarifies its anatomy and function, offering a second line of defense for the spinal cord.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Histology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Limited and contradictory information exists on the tectorial membrane's anatomy and function.
- The tectorial membrane's precise role in craniocervical junction stability is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the detailed anatomy, function, and histology of the tectorial membrane.
- To clarify the tectorial membrane's attachment points and its role in preventing posterior displacement of the odontoid process.
Main Methods:
- Dissection and detailed observation of the tectorial membrane in thirteen adult cadavers.
- Measurement of craniocervical junction range of motion before and after transection of the tectorial membrane.
- Histological analysis of the tectorial membrane and its attachments.
Main Results:
- The tectorial membrane attaches superiorly to the cranial base and axis body, not the odontoid process, with a mean thickness of 1 mm.
- It becomes taut during flexion (15 degrees) and extension (20 degrees), with a buckling effect in extension.
- Acts as a "hammock" to prevent posterior odontoid process movement, thus protecting the spinal cord, and does not limit lateral flexion.
Conclusions:
- The tectorial membrane serves as a secondary defense mechanism, preventing odontoid process impingement on the spinal cord and secondarily limiting craniocervical movement.
- Histological findings reveal parallel collagen fibers, fibrocytes, calcified areas at the cranial attachment, and an increase in elastic fibers.
- This study provides the first detailed histological analysis of the tectorial membrane, offering valuable insights for clinicians investigating the craniocervical region.
