[Induction of spermatogenesis in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia after antegrade sclerotherapy]

The aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of antegrade sclerotherapy for varicocele testis in patients with azoospermia and in patients with cryptozoospermia (less than 0.1 million spermatozoons/mL ejaculate). We have investigated the induction of spermatogenesis in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia after antegrade sclerotherapy.

20 consecutive patients who had been trying to beget a child over a period of one year or longer were chosen for this study. All patients suffered from non-obstructive azoospermia or from cryptozoospermia. We produced a control spermiogram for each patient before, 3 and 6 months after antegrade sclerotherapy. The postoperative spermiogram was done according to WHO criteria and was then compared to the preoperative data.

15 patients (75 %) were found to suffer from azoospermia preoperatively and 5 patients (25 %) from cryptozoospermia. Out of the 15 patients with initial azoospermia 8 (53 %) showed cryptozoospermia (OAT/OT syndrome) after antegrade sclerotherapy. Out of the 5 patients with the initial cryptozoospermia 3 (60 %) showed an improvement in the sperm count and motility criteria.

Antegrade sclerotherapy for varicocele testis is a valid treatment option to isolate the spermatozoons from the ejaculate for extracorporeal fertilisation in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Complete normalisation of the spermiogram parameters, i.e., sufficient for natural child conception, cannot safely be achieved by this method.