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Body dysmorphic disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness.

Katharine A Phillips1

  • 1Brown Medical School and Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.

World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)
|April 25, 2006
PubMed
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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common psychiatric condition often missed in diagnosis, causing significant distress. Effective treatments include high-dose serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), or dysmorphophobia, is a severe psychiatric disorder with global prevalence.
  • BDD is frequently misdiagnosed, despite its common occurrence and substantial impact on quality of life and daily functioning.
  • The disorder is associated with significant distress and impairment, underscoring the need for accurate diagnosis and effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and diagnosing Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
  • To review current understanding and treatment options for BDD.
  • To identify areas requiring further research in BDD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
  • Summary of current pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches.

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  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

    • Main Results:

    • Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the primary medication treatment, often requiring high doses and extended treatment duration (≥12 weeks) for symptom improvement.
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), incorporating exposure, response prevention, behavioral experiments, and cognitive restructuring, is the preferred psychosocial intervention.
    • Despite increasing knowledge, research on BDD treatment, epidemiology, cross-cultural aspects, and pathogenesis remains limited.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of BDD is crucial due to its prevalence and severe impact on patients.
    • SRIs and CBT are established treatments, but optimal protocols and efficacy require further investigation.
    • Comprehensive research is needed to advance understanding and improve care for individuals with BDD.