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Evidence-based practices in intellectual disability and behaviour disorders.

Ian M Grey¹, Richard P Hastings

¹KARE, Newbridge, Co. Kildare and Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. igrey@tcd.ie

Current Opinion in Psychiatry

|April 28, 2006

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Applied behaviour analysis (ABA) remains a leading treatment for challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disability, showing positive outcomes. Pharmacological options like risperidone are emerging, but ABA technologies offer a scalable service model.

Area of Science:

Intellectual Disability Research
Behavioural Science
Psychopharmacology

Background:

Challenging behaviours and behaviour disorders are significant concerns for individuals with intellectual disability.
Treatment approaches have traditionally included applied behaviour analysis and psychopharmacology.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review recent studies on the treatment of challenging behaviours/behaviour disorders in individuals with intellectual disability.
To synthesize findings from applied behaviour analysis, psychopharmacology, and service evaluation literature.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recently published studies.
Analysis of research from applied behaviour analysis (ABA), psychopharmacology, and service evaluation.
Examination of evidence for treatments like risperidone.

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Main Results:

ABA treatments demonstrate a strong evidence base, with recent research refining techniques for low-rate behaviours, generalization, choice-making, and setting events.
Risperidone is a prominent focus in psychopharmacological interventions, with some studies supporting its use in children, though evidence quality is debated.
Service evaluation studies indicate ABA technologies can be effectively scaled for widespread patient benefit.

Conclusions:

ABA methods for assessment and treatment of behaviour disorders continue to yield positive outcomes and are a focus of research.
Recent data highlight the value of ABA technologies as a scalable service model for individuals with behaviour disorders.
Pharmacological treatments, including risperidone, have a developing evidence base, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Unanswered questions remain regarding early intervention and the relationship with psychiatric conditions.