Nonsuicidal self-injury and eating disorders

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by a significant prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) compared to healthy and psychiatric controls. This frequent co-occurrence has led researchers to investigate the common mechanisms driving this comorbidity. Understanding these factors is particularly urgent as the presence of NSSI is associated with diminished recovery in ED patients and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to synthesize the current understanding of the intersection between NSSI and ED.

NSSI and EDs share common psychological functions, supporting a transdiagnostic approach. This overlapping, multidetermined nature may explain their frequent co-occurrence and why individuals often rely on them interchangeably. Emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and self-punishment might motivate both behaviours. This is crucial for clinical practice; targeting overlapping functions can mitigate both behaviours and disrupt replacement cycles.

NSSI and ED are conceptualized as distinct behaviours on the self-harm spectrum. Their co-occurrence and body-centred focus have prompted significant research into the underlying factors that maintain both conditions. Effectively addressing NSSI and EDs requires looking past the behaviours to evaluate their functions alongside key risk factors. Recognizing the distinct functions of NSSI and ED behaviours can guide treatment decisions and improve outcomes.