Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection: report of one case

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) most commonly follows an episode of gastroenteritis associated with Escherichia coli (O157:H7). S. pneumoniae-associated HUS is rare and has been reported having a high morbidity and mortality rate. We present a 1-year-5-month-old girl who developed S. pneumoniae-associated HUS and positive T-activation testing. She received antibiotics, washed red blood cell transfusion and early continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration treatment. She had chronic renal failure but was without other sequelae after 8 months, follow-up. Early dialysis intervention in S. pneumoiae-induced HUS patients decreasing the morbidity and mortality rate is discussed, and the literature is reviewed.