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Related Experiment Videos

Reducing phosphorus runoff from dairy farms.

Darrell J Bosch1, Mary Leigh Wolfe, Katharine F Knowlton

  • 1Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. bosch@vt.edu

Journal of Environmental Quality
|April 28, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Dairy farm nutrient management practices can reduce phosphorus (P) runoff and prevent water eutrophication. Implementing herd nutrient control strategies improves farm returns and lowers P levels in manure and runoff.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Water Quality Management

Background:

  • Phosphorus (P) runoff from agricultural manure contributes to surface water eutrophication and harmful algal blooms.
  • Dairy operations are a significant source of P runoff, necessitating effective mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of various P reduction practices on dairy farms.
  • To assess the effectiveness of nutrient management and erosion control strategies in minimizing P runoff.

Main Methods:

  • Simulation of four representative Virginia Shenandoah Valley dairy farms using a mathematical programming model for farm returns and the GLEAMS model for P runoff prediction.
  • Evaluation of four scenarios with varying P runoff constraints and access to nutrient and erosion control strategies.

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Main Results:

  • Dairy herd nutrient control strategies enhanced milk production and net returns while reducing P runoff.
  • P runoff constraints reduced farm returns by 1-3% when herd nutrient controls were unavailable, but less than 1% when available.
  • Integrated nutrient management, including herd strategies, proved most effective and economically viable.

Conclusions:

  • Animal nutrient control strategies are crucial components of pollution control policies in livestock-intensive watersheds.
  • Integrating herd nutrient management with crop and erosion controls offers a cost-effective approach to P runoff reduction.
  • Dairy farm management practices significantly influence both economic returns and environmental P discharge.