Recent advances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism

This review considers the most recent developments concerning the metabolism and homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The kinetics of the distribution of calcium, theories of calculus formation, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are discussed, as well as the role of parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin and 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D(3) in maintaining calcium levels and skeletal integrity. In addition, the role of calcium in enzyme activation and inhibition, muscle and nerve function, and intracellular metabolism are considered.