Leaf magnesium alters photosynthetic response to low water potentials in sunflower

We grew sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants in nutrient solutions having nutritionally adequate but low or high Mg(2+) concentrations and determined whether photosynthesis was effected as leaf water potentials (psi(w)) decreased. Leaf Mg contents were 3- to 4-fold higher in the plants grown in high Mg(2+) concentrations (10 millimolar) than in those grown in low concentrations (0.25 millimolar). These contents were sufficient to support maximum growth, plant dry weight, and photosynthesis, and the plants appeared normal. As low psi(w) developed, photosynthesis was inhibited but moreso in high Mg leaves than in low Mg leaves. The effect was particularly apparent under conditions of light- and CO(2)-saturation, indicating that the chloroplast capacity to fix CO(2) was altered. The differential inhibition observed in leaves of differing Mg contents was not observed in leaves having differing K contents, suggesting that the effect may have been specific for Mg. Because Mg(2+) inhibits photophosphorylation and coupling factor activities at concentrations likely to occur as leaves dehydrate, Mg may play a role in the inhibition of chloroplast reactions at low psi(w), especially in leaves such as sunflower that markedly decrease in water content as psi(w) decreases.