Evidence for transglutaminase activity in plant tissue

An extract prepared from the apical meristematic region of etiolated pea seedlings was able to catalyze the incorporation of putrescine into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. The enzyme was found to be soluble and followed a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics when N-N-dimethyl casein was used as a substrate. Its activity was promoted by Ca(2+) and inhibited by Cu(2+) and dl-dithiothreitol. Other polyamines competed with putrescine as substrates and cadaverine was the most potent inhibitor of putrescine incorporation. Plant transglutaminase is capable of recognizing specific sites in substrates described for animal transglutaminase, like insulin, fibrinogen, pepsin, and thrombin. However, it can also use as substrates cellulase and creatine kinase which have not been described for transglutaminase from other sources.