Strategies for the prevention and control of osteoporosis in developing countries

The frequency of osteoporosis and fragility fractures has been studied to a very limited extent in few developing countries. The aim of this paper is to review briefly the burden of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in these countries and to propose some strategies for the prevention and control of those conditions, considering barriers and facilitators for their implementation. The evolution of the demographic composition in most regions with developing countries shows a considerable increase in life expectancy and therefore, a significant growth in elderly population can be expected. Reports on the incidence of fragility fractures show figures in many of those countries that are comparable to those found in developed nations. Health resources (for acute treatment of fractures, their rehabilitation and chronic management, for diagnostic centers and drug therapy for osteoporosis) are limited in most of those regions and are allocated to other health priorities. Internationally accepted guidelines can be adapted to the realities of developing nations and may be promoted by organizations of health professionals and patients, but require endorsement and support by health authorities. The steps should include: (a) campaigns to increase awareness, both among the population at risk and relevant health workers; (b) the promotion of a preventive lifestyle in the general population; (c) the development of national or regional, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis; (d) development and implementation of guidelines for the treatment of fragility fractures, their rehabilitation and prevention of falls; (e) collection of economic data on fractures and osteoporosis; and (f) development of country-specific fracture databases. These steps may help in reducing the increasing burden of osteoporotic fractures. Their implementation will require solid scientific basis and commitment from policy makers, health professionals, patient organizations, and ultimately the general population.