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Initial changes in pulpal microvasculature during orthodontic tooth movement: a stereological study
Milton Santamaria1, Débora Milagres, Adriana Sasso Stuani
1Department of Orthodontics and Odontopediatric, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
European Journal of Orthodontics
|May 6, 2006
Summary
Tooth movement initially increases blood vessel density in pulp tissue, but it returns to normal levels within 72 hours. This shows the pulp tissue
Area of Science:
- Endodontics
- Vascular Biology
- Dental Research
Background:
- Trauma or mechanical forces can disrupt blood flow and vascular pressure, potentially damaging dental pulp tissue.
- Understanding vascular responses to orthodontic forces is crucial for maintaining pulp vitality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate vascular changes in coronal molar pulp tissue during the initial phase of orthodontic tooth movement.
- To assess the pulp tissue's adaptive capacity to controlled mechanical stress.
Main Methods:
- Mesial inclination movement was induced in the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats using a closed coil spring (0.4 N force).
- Coronal pulp tissue vascularity was quantified using stereology to determine the volume density of blood vessels (Vv).
- Groups were analyzed at 6, 24, and 72 hours post-force application, with a non-movement control group.
Main Results:
- A significant increase in blood vessel volume density (Vv) was observed at 6 hours (10.2%) compared to the control group (7.2%).
- By 24 and 72 hours, Vv values decreased, approaching those of the control group.
- These findings indicate a transient vascular response to the applied orthodontic force.
Conclusions:
- Dental pulp tissue exhibits a significant capacity for adaptation to mechanical stress within biological tolerance limits.
- Initial vascular changes during tooth movement are reversible, highlighting the importance of controlled orthodontic forces.
- Pulp tissue can withstand orthodontic forces, demonstrating resilience and adaptive mechanisms.