Macular hole formation, spontaneous closure, and recurrence in a previously vitrectomized eye

To report a case of recurrent idiopathic macular hole after spontaneous closure in a previously vitrectomized eye.

Case report.

A 69-year-old woman who had had vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage seven years earlier presented with decreased visual acuity and a macular hole. The hole spontaneously resolved within four months. One year later, the macular hole reopened. Internal limiting membrane peeling was performed, resulting in return of visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was obtained during all visits.

Initial OCT revealed a macular hole with perifoveal cystoid degeneration and bridging elements. At subsequent visits, OCT showed resolution of the cystoid degeneration. The preoperative OCT demonstrates recurrence of the macular hole with similar perifoveal abnormalities.

After vitrectomy, anteroposterior vitreofoveal traction associated with most macular hole formation does not apply. OCT demonstrates foveal structure and forces coincident with hole formation and resolution. Dynamic interaction between tensile and degenerative forces, and proliferative and reparative glial elements, may lead to hole remodeling.