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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

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Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
Published on: September 2, 2025
Invisible shadow for navigation and planning in minimal invasive surgery
Marios Nicolaou1, Adam James, Benny P L Lo
1Royal Society/Wolfson Medical Image Computing Laboratory, Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. m.nicolaou@imperial.ac.uk
Summary
Surgeons can now better perceive depth during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using an invisible shadow cast by endoscopic instruments. This novel technique enhances 3D instrument navigation and minimizes tissue trauma for improved patient safety.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Surgical Technology
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) presents significant depth perception challenges due to limited visual cues.
- Accurate 3D instrument navigation is crucial for MIS safety and efficacy.
- Existing methods struggle to overcome depth perception limitations in MIS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel method for enhancing surgeon depth perception during MIS.
- To improve 3D instrument navigation and reduce tissue trauma.
- To address the fundamental challenges of depth estimation in MIS.
Main Methods:
- Development of an "invisible shadow" technique cast by endoscopic instruments.
- Digital detection, enhancement, and re-display of the generated shadow.
- Integration of the enhanced shadow into the surgeon's operative field.
Main Results:
- The "invisible shadow" method demonstrably improves depth perception, particularly at close proximity.
- Initial experiments indicate enhanced accuracy in instrument maneuvering.
- The technique shows potential for reducing inadvertent tissue trauma during MIS procedures.
Conclusions:
- The "invisible shadow" offers a promising solution for improving depth perception in MIS.
- This method can serve as a valuable instrument navigation aid.
- The technique contributes to enhancing safety and precision in minimally invasive surgical procedures.

