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Epilepsy as a risk factor for cancer.

C Adelöw1, A Ahlbom, M Feychting

  • 1Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. ceciliaadelow@hotmail.com

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|May 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy diagnosis within the same year as cancer diagnosis showed increased risks for certain cancers. However, epilepsy diagnosed two or more years prior to cancer showed no increased cancer risk, suggesting clinical evaluation, not epilepsy itself, explains the association.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Long-term antiepileptic drug use and epilepsy have been hypothesized to increase cancer risk.
  • Previous studies suggest a potential link between epilepsy and certain cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epilepsy as a risk factor for specific cancers using a case-control study design.
  • To analyze the association between prior epilepsy diagnosis and the incidence of leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, and pancreatic cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Swedish Cancer Registry data (1987-1999) for 52,861 cancer cases.
  • Included 137,485 controls randomly selected from the Swedish Population Registry.
  • Linked registry data to identify individuals with first-time hospital discharge for epilepsy.

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Main Results:

  • An epilepsy diagnosis in the same year as cancer diagnosis correlated with increased risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, and pancreatic cancer.
  • No association was found between epilepsy diagnosed two or more years before cancer and an increased risk of these cancers.
  • This lack of association extended to epilepsy diagnoses preceding cancer by over 10 years.

Conclusions:

  • The observed association between recent epilepsy diagnosis and cancer risk is likely due to clinical examinations prompted by seizure onset.
  • The study found no evidence supporting the hypothesis that epilepsy or long-term antiepileptic drug use increases the risk of the studied cancer types.