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The BION devices: injectable interfaces with peripheral nerves and muscles.
Gerald E Loeb1, Frances J R Richmond, Lucinda L Baker
1Alfred Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1112, USA. gloeb@usc.edu
Neurosurgical Focus
|May 23, 2006
Summary
Implantable microstimulators offer a new way to treat paralysis complications like shoulder subluxation and drop foot. This technology shows promise for functional limb reanimation in patients with upper motor neuron injuries.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Rehabilitation Technology
- Neuroprosthetics
Background:
- Paralysis and disuse atrophy lead to complications such as shoulder subluxation, hand contractures, drop foot, and osteoarthritis.
- Current treatment options may have limitations in addressing these complex conditions effectively.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel technology utilizing implantable neuromuscular stimulation.
- To describe the application of this technology in treating paralysis and disuse atrophy complications.
- To review preliminary results from pilot clinical studies.
Main Methods:
- Development of miniature wireless stimulators powered and controlled externally via radiofrequency.
- Minimally invasive implantation of stimulators into muscles or adjacent to motor nerves using a hypodermic tool.
- Pilot studies involving patient enrollment and implantation of BION1 devices for muscle activation.
Main Results:
- Comparison with surface stimulation in stroke patients showed similar efficacy for shoulder subluxation and hand contractures.
- Implantable stimulators demonstrated higher patient comfort levels compared to surface stimulation.
- Ongoing randomized controlled studies are evaluating efficacy, acceptability, and optimal use of the technology.
Conclusions:
- Injected microstimulators represent a significant advancement in rehabilitation technology for upper motor neuron injuries.
- This technology holds potential for functional reanimation of paralyzed limbs as it continues to evolve.