Calcium is not required for immulectin-2 binding, but protects the protein from proteinase digestion

Mammalian C-type lectins are calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding proteins. They serve as cell adhesion molecules in cell-cell interactions, or function as pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity. Calcium is a direct ligand for carbohydrate binding in mammalian C-type lectins such as mannose-binding proteins and macrophage mannose receptor. In the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, a group of lectins named immulectins have been discovered. Each immulectin contains dual carbohydrate-recognition domains. Previously, we showed that immulectin-2 (IML-2) binds to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and agglutination of Escherichia coli cells by IML-2 is calcium dependent. In this study, we demonstrated that IML-2 bound to bacterial lipid A, smooth and rough mutants of lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan, as well as to fungal mannan and beta-1, 3-glucan (laminarin and curdlan). Binding of IML-2 to microbial components was calcium independent, and was increased by addition of spermine, a polyamine. In addition, plasma IML-2 bound to mannan-agarose independent of calcium. But trypsin digestion of IML-2 was inhibited in the presence of calcium. Our results suggest that calcium is not required for IML-2 binding but protects IML-2 from trypsin digestion.