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Olfactory disorders following upper respiratory tract infections
Antje Welge-Lüssen1, Markus Wolfensberger
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
|May 31, 2006
Summary
Postviral olfactory disorders, often following a cold or flu, affect smell function. While no cure exists, olfactory training may offer promise for recovery.
Area of Science:
- Otorhinolaryngology
- Neuroscience
- Pathology
Background:
- Postviral olfactory disorders are common, affecting 11-40% of individuals after upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) like colds or influenza.
- These olfactory dysfunctions disproportionately affect women and individuals between the fourth and eighth decades of life.
- The precise site of damage remains unclear, though direct olfactory receptor cell damage is suspected, with potential central nervous system involvement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment of postviral olfactory disorders.
- To highlight the prevalence and demographic factors associated with these conditions.
- To discuss current understanding of the underlying pathology and diagnostic criteria.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis relies on patient history, clinical examination, and olfactory testing.
- Key diagnostic indicators include a history of acute URTI and a clear temporal link.
- Biopsies are used to investigate potential damage to olfactory receptor cells.
Main Results:
- Spontaneous recovery of smell function may occur within two years for some patients.
- No consistently effective therapy has been established to date.
- Olfactory training shows potential as a therapeutic intervention.
Conclusions:
- Postviral olfactory disorders are a significant cause of smell dysfunction, frequently linked to URTIs.
- Accurate diagnosis requires careful patient history and specific testing.
- Further research into effective treatments, such as olfactory training, is warranted.
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