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Related Experiment Videos

Chronobiological considerations for exercise and heart disease.

Greg Atkinson1, Barry Drust, Keith George

  • 1Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, UK. G.Atkinson@ljmu.ac.uk

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|June 2, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Morning exercise appears safe for supervised cardiac patients, but risks during spontaneous activity for those with heart disease remain unclear. More research is needed on time-of-day effects on cardiovascular events during exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Chronobiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Regular physical activity benefits health, but acute exercise can pose risks, especially for vulnerable individuals.
  • Cardiac events, including sudden death and myocardial infarction, show a morning peak incidence.
  • Some cardiac patients prefer morning exercise, raising questions about its inherent safety compared to other times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether morning exercise poses a greater risk of adverse cardiac events than exercise at other times of day.
  • To review epidemiological, chronobiological, and exercise physiology data on time-of-day effects on cardiac events.
  • To consider the impact of chronobiology on exercise prescription for heart disease patients.

Main Methods:

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  • Structured literature search of PubMed and WEB of SCIENCE databases (1981-2004).
  • Review of epidemiological data on exercise and cardiac events.
  • Analysis of chronobiological studies on pathophysiological mechanisms and exercise responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Limited epidemiological data did not confirm increased risk of vigorous morning exercise for primary or secondary cardiac events in supervised settings.
    • Data are insufficient for individuals with heart disease performing uncontrolled habitual activities.
    • Evidence suggests diurnal variations in blood pressure, endothelial function, and fibrinolysis, but their response to set exercise levels at different times is understudied.

    Conclusions:

    • Some parallelism exists between diurnal physical activity patterns and pathophysiological mechanisms of acute cardiac events.
    • More research is needed on time-of-day effects on endothelial function, fibrinolysis, and blood pressure responses to exercise.
    • Morning exercise seems safe for supervised cardiac rehabilitation patients, but risks during spontaneous activity in at-risk individuals are unknown.