[Bone and bone related biochemical examinations. Bone and collagen related metabolites. Osteocalcin (OC)]

Osteocalcin is produced by mature osteoblasts and primarily deposited in the extracellular matrix of skeletal tissue. It has been shown that serum osteocalcin is a marker of osteoblastic activity, and the levels reflect the rate of bone formation. The first osteocalcin assays were competitive radioimmunoassays using bovine osteocalcin as a standard, and a new generation of assays was developed to measure the major circulating forms of the protein, which is the intact and the large N-terminal fragment. Since osteocalcin binds to hydroxyapatite crystal after gamma-carboxylation at three residues, increased amounts of immature undercarboxylated osteocalcin might reflect risks for fractures. However, at present, measurement of osteocalcin does not substitute for bone mass measurement and only provide limited clinical values on evaluation of patients with osteoporosis or metabolic bone diseases.