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[Tuberculosis in HIV infected children]
Jolanta Popielska1, Magdalena Marczyńska, Sabina Dobosz
1Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych Wieku Dzieciecego, Instytutu Chorób Zakaźnych i Pasozytniczych AM w Warszawie. jolantapopielska@wp.pl
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant threat to children with HIV. Early diagnosis and treatment of TB in HIV-positive children, especially those with positive skin tests, are crucial for successful outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
- HIV/TB Co-infection
Context:
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant health risk to individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- Despite a declining trend in TB infections in Poland, a substantial proportion of HIV-positive adults remain coinfected.
- This study focuses on TB cases in HIV-positive children diagnosed between 1994 and 2005.
Purpose:
- To analyze the reasons for TB diagnostic testing in HIV-positive children.
- To investigate the prevalence of HIV and TB co-infection in pediatric cases.
- To evaluate the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment in this population.
Summary:
- TB diagnostic tests were performed on 23 HIV-positive children due to clinical indications or positive/converted skin tests.
- Twelve cases of TB infection were diagnosed, including active TB, BCG-itis, latent TB, and unlocalized TB.
- Treatment involved 4 tuberculostatic drugs for 6-12 months for active TB and isoniazid (INH) for 12 months for latent or unlocalized TB, with all treatments proving successful.
Impact:
- Skin testing is a primary method for TB control in asymptomatic HIV-positive children.
- Prompt diagnosis and chemoprophylaxis are necessary for conversions or enlarged skin tests.
- TB diagnosis in children warrants subsequent HIV testing.
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