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A paradigm shift: from disease to health orientation
1Department of Health Sciences and the Finnish Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Summary
The study explores the shift from disease-centered to health-centered paradigms in medicine. It highlights the salutogenic view
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Promotion
- Medical Sociology
Background:
- Science progresses through paradigm shifts, with overarching viewpoints guiding research.
- Medicine has historically been dominated by a pathogenic approach, focusing on disease.
- A competing salutogenic (health-oriented) approach is gaining traction in public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the paradigm shift in health sciences from pathogenic to salutogenic viewpoints.
- To explore the potential of the salutogenic approach in public health and health promotion.
- To identify limitations of disease-oriented and risk-factor epidemiology approaches.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of scientific paradigms in health.
- Review of historical and current approaches in medical and public health research.
- Exploration of theoretical frameworks for health and disease.
Main Results:
- Two dominant paradigms exist: pathogenic (disease-focused) and salutogenic (health-focused).
- The salutogenic approach offers holistic perspectives and diverse methods.
- Disease-oriented approaches may limit understanding of human health complexities.
Conclusions:
- The salutogenic paradigm presents potential assets for understanding health.
- Further research is needed to ascertain the full utility of health orientation.
- This paradigm shift may inform public policy and address challenges in aging and health.
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