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Solid-phase sediment toxicity identification evaluation in an agricultural stream.

Bryn M Phillips1, Brian S Anderson, John W Hunt

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Marine Pollution Studies Laboratory, 34500 Coast Route One, Monterey, California 93940, USA. bmphillips@ucdavis.edu

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|June 13, 2006
PubMed
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Agricultural runoff in the Santa Maria River watershed caused toxic sediment, harming aquatic life. Toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) suggest organic contaminants, likely synthetic pyrethroids, are the primary cause of this sediment toxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Aquatic Toxicology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • The Santa Maria River watershed is vital aquatic habitat on the central California coast.
  • Agricultural runoff significantly impacts the watershed's water quality.
  • Sediment toxicity in tributaries draining agricultural land poses a threat to resident aquatic organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess water quality and identify causes of sediment toxicity in the Santa Maria River watershed.
  • To determine the specific contaminants responsible for toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella azteca.
  • To evaluate the role of organic chemicals and specific pesticides in observed sediment toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted water column and sediment toxicity tests using Hyalella azteca.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Performed toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs) on bulk sediment and interstitial water.
  • Utilized coconut charcoal and Ambersorb 563 resin for contaminant isolation and identification.
  • Assessed the impact of a carboxylesterase enzyme on sediment toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Sediment from Orcutt Creek was consistently toxic to Hyalella azteca.
    • Toxicity was observed in bulk sediment but not interstitial water, even with high chlorpyrifos levels.
    • Coconut charcoal and Ambersorb 563 treatments significantly increased amphipod survival, indicating organic chemical toxicity.
    • Addition of a carboxylesterase enzyme reduced toxicity, implicating synthetic pyrethroids.

    Conclusions:

    • Sediment toxicity in Orcutt Creek is primarily caused by organic contaminants.
    • Synthetic pyrethroids are the most likely culprits, potentially acting additively or synergistically.
    • The findings highlight the ecological risks of agricultural runoff on aquatic ecosystems.