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Chronic kidney disease from environmental and occupational toxins
1Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA. ursula.brewster@yale.edu
Abstract:
Occupational and environmental exposures contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) With the current epidemic of chronic kidney disease, internists should be aware of the role of occupational and environmental exposures contributing to CKD, the mechanism of injury, and the best approaches to diagnosis and treatment. A thorough occupational history is a critical part of any evaluation of kidney disease when doing a history and physical. This article will review which occupations and environmental factors put patients at risk, and discuss management strategies.
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
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Types of Toxins
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

