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Peroxynitrite: a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent.

J P Kamat1

  • 1Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India. jkamat@magnum.barc.ernet.in

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology
|June 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), formed from nitric oxide and superoxide, is a key oxidant in biological processes. Its presence, marked by 3-nitrotyrosine, is linked to various diseases and aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Free Radical Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-) react to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-).
  • Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant with significant roles in biological systems.
  • Understanding free radical reactions is crucial for biological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological significance of peroxynitrite.
  • To explore peroxynitrite's precursors and reactions with biomolecules.
  • To discuss the cytotoxic aspects of peroxynitrite.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical detection of 3-nitrotyrosine as a biomarker for peroxynitrite.
  • Analysis of peroxynitrite's reactions with amino acids, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
  • Review of existing literature on peroxynitrite's role in pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Peroxynitrite formation is implicated in various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging.
  • 3-nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of peroxynitrite, is found in diverse tissues and conditions.
  • Peroxynitrite acts as both a defensive agent and a signaling molecule in biological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxynitrite plays a critical role in numerous pathophysiological processes.
  • The identification of 3-nitrotyrosine provides a valuable tool for studying peroxynitrite in vivo.
  • Further research into peroxynitrite's molecular interactions is essential in the post-genomic era.

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