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Factors affecting outdoor exposure in winter: population-based study.

Tiina M Mäkinen1, Veli-Pekka Raatikka, Mika Rytkönen

  • 1Centre for Arctic Medicine, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland. tiina.makinen@oulu.fi

International Journal of Biometeorology
|June 22, 2006
PubMed
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Men and women in Finland spend 4% of their time in cold conditions, primarily during leisure. Occupational and leisure cold exposure is higher in men than women, influenced by various demographic and lifestyle factors.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Understanding outdoor cold exposure is crucial for public health, especially in colder climates.
  • Winter outdoor activities and occupational demands contribute to cold exposure.
  • Factors influencing cold exposure duration and intensity require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the extent of outdoor cold exposure during winter in a Finnish population.
  • To identify demographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors affecting cold exposure.
  • To compare cold exposure levels between genders.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional population study involving 6,591 individuals aged 25-74 years.
  • Self-reported data on average weekly occupational, leisure-time, and total cold exposure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Statistical analysis of factors including gender, age, occupation, health, physical activity, and education.

    • Main Results:

    • Median total cold exposure was 7 hours/week, with men reporting 8 hours and women 6 hours.
    • Leisure-time exposure (4 h/week) constituted the majority of total cold exposure (71%).
    • Occupational cold exposure was higher in men employed in specific sectors and those less educated.

    Conclusions:

    • Finnish adults spend approximately 4% of their time exposed to cold, predominantly during leisure.
    • Men generally experience greater occupational and leisure-time cold exposure than women.
    • Factors like occupation, education, age, and physical activity significantly influence cold exposure levels.