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Human cell type diversity, evolution, development, and classification with special reference to cells derived from

Matthew K Vickaryous1, Brian K Hall

  • 1Department of Biology, Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1. mvickary@dal.ca

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|June 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

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This study proposes guidelines for defining and classifying metazoan cell types, presenting an updated list for humans. A cladistic approach reveals correlations between cell development and evolution, aiding in progenitor identification.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Metazoans exhibit diverse cell types crucial for understanding complexity and evolution.
  • Defining and classifying cell types remains a challenge in evolutionary and developmental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose guidelines for characterizing metazoan cell types.
  • To discuss cell homology and diverse developmental origins.
  • To present an updated classification of human cell types and explore organizational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of developmental pathways (germ layers, stem cells, transdifferentiation).
  • Development of an updated cell type list for adult Homo sapiens (411 types, including 145 neuron types).
  • Application of artificial classification (similarity-based) and cladistic (shared features) methods for organization.

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Main Results:

  • Artificial classification supports the neural crest as a fourth germ layer.
  • Cladistic classification reveals a correlation between a cell's developmental and evolutionary origins.
  • This correlation suggests utility in predicting shared multipotent progenitors.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive cladistic classification of cell types is practical and warranted.
  • This approach offers new models for therapeutic evaluation.
  • Understanding cell type diversity is key to advancing evolutionary and developmental biology.