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Related Experiment Videos

Vicarious reinforcement: Expected and unexpected effects.

T H Ollendick1, D Dailey, E S Shapiro

  • 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|January 1, 1983
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Observing praise can initially boost performance but may lead to decreases. Intermittent praise, however, effectively reverses these effects, enhancing performance in children.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Social Learning Theory

Background:

  • Vicarious reinforcement involves learning through observing others' consequences.
  • Social comparison theory suggests individuals evaluate themselves by comparing to others.
  • Previous research indicates potential benefits of observing reinforcement, but effects can vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of observing social reinforcement on a child's performance.
  • To explore the efficacy of intermittent praise in mitigating negative effects of vicarious reinforcement.
  • To analyze the influence of observed continuous praise versus no praise on task engagement.

Main Methods:

  • Pairs of same-sex children completed puzzle tasks over multiple sessions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • One child in each pair received continuous social praise for performance.
  • The observing child's performance was monitored, followed by an intervention with intermittent praise.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed praise initially increased performance, aligning with vicarious reinforcement and social comparison hypotheses.
    • Performance unexpectedly declined below baseline rates after initial observation of praise.
    • Intermittent praise administered directly to the observing child effectively reversed negative effects and improved performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Vicarious reinforcement can have complex and sometimes detrimental effects on performance.
    • Intermittent direct reinforcement is a viable strategy to counteract negative outcomes of observed reinforcement.
    • Findings have implications for applying social reinforcement principles in educational and therapeutic settings.