Sphenoid sinus craniopharyngioma simulating mucocele

Area of Science:

• Neuro-oncology
• Pediatric Endocrinology
• Radiology

Background:

• Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors typically arising in the suprasellar region.
• Extracranial craniopharyngiomas, particularly infrasellar variants, are exceptionally uncommon.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management and to prevent visual complications.

Observation:

• A 12-year-old female presented with subacute, progressive left-sided visual disturbance.
• Imaging revealed a lesion in the sphenoid sinus region, initially suspected to be a mucocele.
• The patient exhibited symptoms suggestive of mass effect on the optic pathways.

Findings:

• The lesion was diagnosed as an extracranial craniopharyngioma.
• Foci of calcification within the tumor were identified on imaging.
• The tumor's infrasellar location contributed to its unusual presentation.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering rare diagnoses, such as extracranial craniopharyngioma, in pediatric patients with visual disturbances.
• The presence of calcifications can be a critical diagnostic clue for infrasellar craniopharyngiomas.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is vital for preventing irreversible visual impairment and guiding treatment strategies.