TRP channels and Ca2+ signaling

Baruch Minke1

  • 1Department of Physiology and the Kühne Minerva Center for Studies of Visual Transduction, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. minke@md.huji.ac.il

Cell Calcium
|June 30, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are vital for sensory systems and cell function, making them key targets for treating diseases and pain. Research is rapidly advancing, yet fundamental understanding, like TRP channel gating, remains an open area.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedicine
  • Ion Channel Research
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are increasingly recognized for their roles in sensory systems and cellular functions.
  • Dysfunction of TRP channels is implicated in various diseases, including inflammatory pain and genetic disorders.
  • TRP channels are crucial components in neurons, epithelial, blood, and smooth muscle cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing importance and emerging status of TRP channel research in biomedicine.
  • To present recent, often unpublished, findings from leading investigators in the TRP channel field.
  • To foster discussion and collaboration within the TRP channel research community.

Main Methods:

  • The study is based on presentations and discussions from the Minerva-Gentner Symposium on TRP channels and Ca(2+) signaling.
  • Investigators shared their latest research findings and insights into TRP channel function.
  • Informal discussions among symposium participants facilitated knowledge exchange.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding TRP channels, as evidenced by symposium presentations.
  • TRP channel research is a rapidly developing field with major implications for human health.
  • Despite advancements, fundamental aspects, such as the gating mechanisms of TRP channels, remain largely unsolved.

Conclusions:

  • The TRP channel field is a dynamic and expanding area of biomedical research.
  • TRP channels represent promising therapeutic targets for a range of diseases and conditions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms governing TRP channel function.

Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...