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Related Experiment Videos

The DARC conspiracy--virus invasion tactics.

April Kinkade1, Carl F Ware

  • 1Division of Molecular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|June 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Viral pathogens like rabies and herpesviruses exploit a conserved region on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors to infect host cells. This interaction may regulate immune responses by engaging inhibitory co-receptors, impacting T-cell activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Certain viruses, including rabies virus, lentiviruses, retroviruses, and herpesviruses, exhibit a coordinated strategy in host cell invasion.
  • These viral pathogens specifically target members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily.
  • Viral envelope proteins interact with a conserved region on TNF receptors, a region with a previously undefined function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of the conserved region on TNF receptors targeted by viral pathogens.
  • To explore the potential role of this viral-host interaction in immune response modulation.
  • To understand how targeting this specific receptor region provides a selective advantage to viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral envelope protein interactions with TNF receptor superfamily members.

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  • Investigation of the conserved region's function through molecular and cellular assays.
  • Examination of the impact on T-cell activation pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Diverse viral pathogens consistently target a specific, conserved region on TNF receptors.
    • This conserved region was found to interact with an inhibitory co-receptor involved in T-cell activation.
    • Evidence suggests that viral exploitation of this region confers a selective advantage, potentially by regulating the host immune response.

    Conclusions:

    • A conserved region on TNF receptors serves as a common target for multiple viral pathogens, suggesting a coordinated "conspiracy" among viruses.
    • The interaction between viral proteins and this conserved TNF receptor region is linked to the regulation of immune responses, particularly T-cell activation.
    • Understanding this viral-host interaction mechanism offers insights into viral pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies targeting immune evasion.