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Related Experiment Videos

Punishment contras during free-operant avoidance.

K A Lattal, M A Griffin

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |November 1, 1972
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Electric shock punishment suppressed monkey bar-pressing in one schedule component. Unpunished response rates increased, showing punishment contrast, similar to positive reinforcement effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Animal behavior studies

    Background:

    • Operant conditioning involves reinforcement and punishment.
    • Avoidance schedules are used to study response suppression and control.
    • Punishment contrast is a phenomenon where punishment in one component affects another.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of electric shock punishment on bar-pressing behavior in rhesus monkeys.
    • To examine punishment contrast in a multiple free-operant avoidance schedule.
    • To compare the effects of negative reinforcement schedules with positive reinforcement schedules.

    Main Methods:

    • Rhesus monkeys were trained on a multiple free-operant avoidance schedule.
    • Electric shock punishment was applied to one component of the schedule.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Response rates were recorded in both punished and unpunished components.
  • Punishment was later removed to observe subsequent changes in responding.

    • Main Results:

    • Electric shock punishment suppressed bar-pressing in the punished component.
    • Response rates increased in the unpunished component (punishment contrast).
    • Response rates in both components increased upon removal of punishment and then decreased over sessions.

    Conclusions:

    • Punishment in one component of an avoidance schedule can modulate responding in another component.
    • The observed punishment contrast effects are analogous to those seen in positive reinforcement schedules.
    • These findings suggest similarities in how organisms learn discriminations under both positive and negative reinforcement conditions.